No matter what their origin, strain and family, viruses have evolved exquisite strategies to
reach and penetrate specific target cells where they hijack the cellular machinery to express …

More than two decades have passed since genetically modified HIV was used for gene
delivery. Through continuous improvements these early marker gene-carrying HIVs have …

The spike protein (S) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is
required for cell entry and is the primary focus for vaccine development. In this study, we …

The concept of gene therapy originated in the mid twentieth century and was perceived as a
revolutionary technology with the promise to cure almost any disease of which the molecular …

Deciphering immune recognition is critical for understanding a broad range of diseases and
for the development of effective vaccines and immunotherapies. Efforts to do so are limited …

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have emerged as potent and versatile vectors for ex vivo or in vivo
gene transfer into dividing and nondividing cells. Robust phenotypic correction of diseases …

The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2) and has spread worldwide, with millions of cases and more than 1 million …

Recent progress in gene transfer technology enables the delivery of genes precisely to the
application-relevant cell type ex vivo on cultivated primary cells or in vivo on local or …

Retroviruses are evolutionary optimized gene carriers that have naturally adapted to their
hosts to efficiently deliver their nucleic acids into the target cell chromatin, thereby …

Gene transfer vectors derived from the adeno-associated virus (AAV) have recently received
increasing attention due to substantial therapeutic benefit in several clinical trials …