Although dopamine replacement therapy remains a core component of Parkinson's disease
treatment, the onset of motor fluctuations and dyskinetic movements might require a range of …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, multisystem disorder with both neurologic and
systemic manifestations, which is usually associated with non-motor symptoms, including …

The eyes are an essential tool for human observation and perception of the world, helping
people to perform their tasks. Visual impairment causes many inconveniences in the lives of …

Introduction Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa, a soluble formulation of levodopa/carbidopa
(LD/CD) prodrugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), is administered as a 24 …

Motor fluctuations (MF) are deemed by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as the most
troublesome disease feature resulting from the increasing impairment in responsiveness to …

Introduction Research comparing levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG), deep brain
stimulation (DBS), and continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) for advanced …

Abstract Device-aided therapies (DAT), which include deep brain stimulation and pump-
based continuous dopaminergic stimulation with either levodopa or apomorphine, are …

Dysfunction of the glymphatic system, an intracranial clearance pathway that drains
misfolded proteins, has been implicated in the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently …

Though no interventions currently exist to significantly modify the disease progression of PD,
new studies continue to give insight into optimal symptomatic management. Clinicians …

The worldwide prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been constantly increasing in
the last decades. With rising life expectancy, a longer disease duration in PD patients is …