Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogamous lipid bilayer-enclosed membranous
structures secreted by cells. They are comprised of apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and …

Embryogenic developmental processes involve a tightly controlled regulation between
mechanical forces and biochemical cues such as growth factors, matrix proteins, and …

Mesenchymal stem cells are culture-derived mesodermal progenitors isolatable from all
vascularized tissues. In spite of multiple fundamental, pre-clinical and clinical studies, the …

Neurons extend long axons that require maintenance and are susceptible to degeneration.
Long-term integrity of axons depends on intrinsic mechanisms including axonal transport …

Bone regeneration following injury is initiated by inflammatory signals and occurs in
association with infiltration by sensory nerve fibers. Together, these events are believed to …

Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) were discovered in 1983 in sheep reticulocytes samples,
they have gradually attracted scientific attention and become a topic of great interest in the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging in tissue engineering as promising acellular tools,
circumventing many of the limitations associated with cell‐based therapies. Epigenetic …

Bone metabolism is regulated by osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and stem cells.
Pathologies such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, and traumatic fractures …

Regenerative medicine aims to promote the replacement of tissues lost to damage or
disease. While positive outcomes have been observed experimentally, challenges remain in …

Intrauterine adhesion is a major cause of menstrual irregularities, infertility, and recurrent
pregnancy losses and the progress towards its amelioration and therapy is slow and …