Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient
immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is well acknowledged to constitute an important technology
in tissue engineering, largely due to the increasing global demand for organ replacement …

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been
extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors …

Plastic surgery is a discipline that uses surgical methods or tissue transplantation to repair,
reconstruct and beautify the defects and deformities of human tissues and organs. Three …

Abstract Recently, four-dimensional (4D) printing is emerging as the next-generation
biofabrication technology. However, current 4D bioprinting lacks biocompatibility or multi …

Fibrin gel has been widely used for engineering various types of tissues due to its
biocompatible nature, biodegradability, and tunable mechanical and nanofibrous structural …

Magnesium (Mg)-based materials are a new generation of alloys with the exclusive ability to
be biodegradable within the human/animal body. In addition to biodegradability, their …

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble derivative of cellulose and a major type of
cellulose ether prepared by the chemical attack of alkylating reagents on the activated non …

One of the exciting future directions in the 3D printing field is the development of innovative
personalized smart constructions for bio-applications, including drug delivery, namely high …

In the last few years, 3D printing has emerged as a promising alternative for the fabrication
of microfluidic devices, overcoming some of the limitations associated with conventional soft …