Avian influenza A viruses (IAV) have received significant attention due to the threat they
pose to human, livestock, and wildlife health. In this review, we focus on what is known …

Pathogens that are maintained by wild birds occasionally jump to human hosts, causing
considerable loss of life and disruption to global commerce. Preliminary evidence suggests …

The global outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Eurasian lineage
goose/Guangdong clade 2.3. 4.4 b virus that was detected in North America in 2021 is the …

Avian influenza (AI) is an important disease that has significant implications for animal and
human health. High pathogenicity AI (HPAI) has emerged in consecutive seasons within the …

Avian influenza is one of the most devastating avian diseases. The current high
pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) A virus H5N1 clade 2.3. 4.4 b epizootic began in the …

Highly pathogenic avian Influenza virus (HPAIV) has spread in an unprecedented extent
globally in recent years. Despite the large reports of cases in Asia, Europe, and North …

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic is showing dramatic impact across the world.
Public health authorities attempt to fight against the virus while maintaining economic …

Avian influenza is a viral disease that primarily infects wild and domestic birds, but it also
can be transmitted to a variety of mammals. In 2006, the United States of America …

There is growing interest in emerging viruses that can cause serious or lethal disease in
humans and animals. The proliferation of cloacal virome studies, mainly focused on poultry …

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is enzootic to wild birds, which are its natural reservoir. The virus
exhibits a large degree of genetic diversity and most of the isolated strains are of low …