Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of malignant brain tumor. Standard treatment
protocols and traditional immunotherapy are poorly effective as they do not significantly …

Recent cancer immunotherapy breakthroughs have fundamentally changed oncology and
revived the fading hope for a cancer cure. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) became …

The major challenges of immunotherapy for glioblastoma are that drugs cannot target tumor
sites accurately and properly activate complex immune responses. Herein, we design and …

An emerging challenge in improving response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is
to convert an immune cold tumour into a hot tumour. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are seen as a …

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have dramatically improved the outcome for
cancer patients across multiple tumor types. However the response rates to ICI monotherapy …

Glioma accounts for nearly 80% of all intracranial malignant tumors. It is a major challenge
to society as it is causes to impaired brain function in many patients. Currently, gliomas are …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. In addition to being
genetically heterogeneous, GBMs are also immunologically heterogeneous. However …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary malignant brain tumor with no current effective
treatments. The recent emergence of immuno-virotherapy and FDA approval of T-VEC have …

The development of cancer causes disruption of anti-tumor immunity required for
surveillance and elimination of tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic strategies aim for the …

Malignant brain tumors remain incurable diseases. Although much effort has been devoted
to improving patient outcome, multiple factors such as the high tumor heterogeneity, the …