The mammalian nervous system is comprised of a seemingly infinitely complex network of
specialized synaptic connections that coordinate the flow of information through it. The field …

The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, continues to
increase worldwide. Although newer and more advanced therapies are available, current …

Adrenaline is a hormone that has profound actions on the cardiovascular system and is also
a mediator of the fight‐or‐flight response. Adrenaline is now increasingly recognized as an …

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) plays a complex role in glucose and energy
homeostasis. The VMH is necessary for the counter‐regulatory response to hypoglycaemia …

Most peripheral serotonin (5-HT) is synthesized in enterochromaffin cells, and most
circulating 5-HT is stored in platelets. As a monoamine, 5-HT has several functions in …

Perifornical hypothalamus (PFH) orexin glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons that facilitate arousal
have been implicated in hypoglycemia awareness. Mice lacking orexin exhibit narcolepsy …

Obesity has reached pandemic proportions and is associated with severe comorbidities,
such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hepatic and cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancer …

Spinally projecting neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) play a critical role in
the generation of vasomotor sympathetic tone and are thought to receive convergent input …

Aims Neuroinflammation is a common feature in renovascular, obesity-related, and
angiotensin II mediated hypertension. There is evidence that increased release of the pro …

The neuropeptide hypocretin is also commonly referred to as orexin, since its orexigenic
action was recognized early. Orexin/hypocretin (OX) neurons project widely throughout the …