A coordinated balance between the positive and negative regulation of pattern-recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated innate inflammatory responses is required to ensure the most …

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins NOD1 and NOD2, the
founding members of the intracellular NOD-like receptor family, sense conserved motifs in …

The pattern-recognition receptor NOD2 senses bacterial muropeptides to regulate host
immunity and maintain homeostasis. Loss-of-function mutations in NOD2 are associated …

Ubiquitination has emerged as a crucial mechanism that regulates signal transduction in
diverse biological processes, including different aspects of immune functions. Ubiquitination …

NOD1 and NOD2 are related intracellular sensors of bacterial peptidoglycan and belong to
the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of innate immune proteins that play fundamental and …

It has been long recognized that NOD1 and NOD2 are critical players in the host immune
response, primarily by their sensing bacterial peptidoglycan‐conserved motifs. Significant …

TLRs play a critical role in the detection of microbes and endogenous “alarmins” to initiate
host defense, yet they can also contribute to the development and progression of …

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) protein, NOD2, belonging to the
intracellular NOD-like receptor family, detects conserved motifs in bacterial peptidoglycan …

Organismal fitness demands proper response to neutralize the threat from infection or injury.
At the mammalian intestinal epithelium barrier, the inflammasome coordinates an elaborate …

Innate immunity represents the first line of defence against invading pathogens. It consists of
an initial inflammatory response that recruits white blood cells to the site of infection in an …