The mining sector contributes to 4–7% of global GHG emissions, of which 1% are from
scope 1 and scope 2 emissions, caused by operations such as electricity consumption used …

Human population is projected to reach 9.7 billion in 2050 and strike 11.2 billion by 2100.
Residence shift from countryside to cities will occur and the human population resides in the …

Off‐grid renewable energy systems are a solution for power generation in areas where
access to the grid is not possible or cost‐effective; in particular, low population rural areas …

Water irrigation systems (WISs) are an important factor for agricultural development and food
security. However, their energy supply is affected by several problems related to the use of …

Kenya boasts of abundant solar irradiation potential across its expansive regions, averaging
between 4.5 kWh/m 2 and 6 kWh/m 2 per day. Despite this advantageous condition, solar …

This study aimed to investigate a techno-economic evaluation of the photovoltaic system,
along with a diesel generator as a backup supply, to ensure a continuous twenty-four hours …

The objective of this paper is to study the impact of using micro-grid solar photovoltaic (PV)
systems in rural areas in the West Bank, Palestine. These systems may have the potential to …

Pakistan receives Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI) exceeding 2000 kWh/m²/annum on
approximately 83% of its land, which is very suitable for photovoltaic production. This energy …

Renewable energy sources and technologies have the potential to bring answers to energy-
related challenges in developing nations such as Ethiopia. PV systems generate clean …

Hybrid energy systems integrate multiple sources of power generation, storage, and
transport mechanisms and can facilitate increased usage of cleaner, renewable, and more …