ABSTRACT Ruapehu (150 km3 cone, 150 km3 ring-plain) and Tongariro (90 km3 cone, 60
km3 ring-plain) are iconic stratovolcanoes, formed since∼ 230 and∼ 350 ka, respectively …

Prolonged volcanic activity can induce surface weathering and hydrothermal alteration that
is a primary control on edifice instability, posing a complex hazard with its challenges to …

Accurate volcanic hazard assessments rely on a detailed understanding of the timing of past
eruptions. While radiometric methods like 40 Ar/39 Ar or K/Ar are by far the most …

Small-to-moderate explosive eruptions involve VEIs≤ 3, tephra volumes≤ 0.1 km3 and
often eject a significant amount of ash-sized pyroclastic material. This reduces the …

Abstract The February 1963 to January 1964 eruption of Gunung Agung, Indonesia's largest
and most devastating eruption of the twentieth century, was a multi-phase explosive and …

Volcaniclastic successions represent valuable archives that hold a detailed record of
volcanic and other landscape-shaping events and often provide the only way to reconstruct …

Understanding the relationship between pumice formation and long-term floatability in
seawater is becoming increasingly important in terms of eruption dynamics, material cycles …

A new 3D geophysical model of the Mt Tongariro Volcanic Massif (TgVM), New Zealand,
provides a high resolution view of the volcano's internal structure and hydrothermal system …

Upper stratovolcano flanks contain the most nuanced depositional record of long eruption
episodes, but steep, irregular terrain makes these sequences difficult to correlate and …

Between 27 and 11 cal. ka BP, a transition is observed in Plinian eruptions at Mt. Ruapehu,
indicating evolution from non-collapsing (steady and oscillatory) eruption columns to …