Cerebral palsy is a clinical descriptor covering a diverse group of permanent, non-
degenerative disorders of motor function. Around one-third of cases have now been shown …

Monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin control important brain
pathways, including movement, sleep, reward and mood. Dysfunction of monoaminergic …

Several mouse models have been developed to study human defects of primary and
secondary inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (iMND). As the field continues to …

Monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are loaded by vesicular
monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) into synaptic vesicles for storage and subsequent …

The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a proton-dependent antiporter
responsible for loading monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. Dysregulation …

Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra exist in a persistent state of vulnerability
resulting from high baseline oxidative stress, high‐energy demand, and broad unmyelinated …

Inherited disorders of biogenic amine metabolism are genetically determined conditions
resulting in dysfunctions or lack of enzymes involved in the synthesis, degradation, or …

Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing lipase 8 (PNPLA8), one of the calcium-
independent phospholipase A2 enzymes, is involved in various physiological processes …

Abstract Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is an essential transporter that
regulates brain monoamine transmission and is important for mood, cognition, motor activity …

High-throughput sequencing has been instrumental in uncovering the spectrum of
pathogenic genetic alterations that contribute to the etiology of dystonia. Despite the …