Human genetic diversity is the result of population genetic forces. This genetic variation
influences disease risk and contributes to health disparities. Autoimmune diseases (ADs) …

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variation is a key determinant of susceptibility and
resistance to a large number of infectious, autoimmune and other diseases. Identification of …

Balancing selection maintains advantageous diversity in populations through various
mechanisms. Although extensively explored from a theoretical perspective, an empirical …

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are central to adaptive immune
responses and maintenance of self-tolerance. Since the early 1970s, the MHC class II …

Background Defensins, small endogenous peptides with antimicrobial activity, are pivotal
components of the innate immune response. A large cluster of defensin genes is located on …

The reasons for the ethnic disparities in the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) and the relative high frequency of SLE risk alleles in the population are not fully …

The human TRIM5 genes encodes a retroviral restriction factor (TRIM5α). Evolutionary
analyses of this gene in mammals have revealed a complex and multifaceted scenario …

Precise regulation of MHC gene expression is critical to vertebrate immune surveillance and
response. Polymorphisms in the 5′ proximal promoter region of the human class II gene …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease with polygenic inheritance. The expression of
major histocompatibility complex class II genes are regulated by several trans-activators. We …

The unusual incidence patterns for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China, Northeast
India, Arctic Inuit, Peninsular and island Southeast Asia, Polynesian Islanders, and North …