A growing body of multiscale biomechanical studies has been proposed to highlight the
mechanical cues in the development of hepatic fibrosis and cancer. At the cellular level …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide non-invasive and non-ionising
methods for the highly accurate anatomical depiction of the heart and vessels throughout the …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) four-dimensional (4D) flow is a type of phase-contrast
(PC) MRI that uses blood flow encoded in 3 directions, which is resolved relative to 3 spatial …

Purpose To assess the feasibility of four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI as a noninvasive
imaging marker for stratifying the risk of variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis …

In the second part of this article, we will review potential clinical applications of 4D flow MRI
in the portal venous system. The most promising area for clinical utilization is the diagnosis …

OBJECTIVE. Comprehensive assessment of abdominal hemodynamics is crucial for many
clinical diagnoses but is challenged by a tremendous complexity of anatomy, normal …

Abstract 4D flow MRI is a quantitative MRI technique that allows the comprehensive
assessment of time-resolved hemodynamics and vascular anatomy over a 3-dimensional …

Purpose The mechanisms underlying the morphological changes in liver cirrhosis remain
unknown. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between fibrotic hepatic morphology …

Objectives Objectives of this study were to compare radial time-resolved phase contrast
magnetic resonance imaging (4D Flow-MRI) with perivascular ultrasound (pvUS) and to …

Background Particle tracing based on 4D Flow MRI has been applied as a quantitative and
qualitative postprocessing technique to study temporally evolving blood flow patterns …