Background Most clinical breast changes in women are benign; in only 3% to 6% of cases
are they due to breast cancer. However, there is a lack of up-to-date, evidence-based …

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among women worldwide. Methods
for screening and diagnosis allow health care professionals to provide personalized …

Breast cancer arises from breast epithelial cells that acquire genetic alterations leading to
subsequent loss of tissue homeostasis. Several distinct epithelial subpopulations have been …

Ki67 is a proliferation marker. It has been proposed as a useful clinical marker for breast
cancer subtype classification, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response. But the …

Cyclic hormonal stimulation of the breast tissue plays a significant role in breast
carcinogenesis. Current risk factor models do not include direct measures of cycle …

Cancer prevention has a profound impact on cancer-associated mortality and morbidity. We
previously identified TGFβ signaling as a candidate regulator of mammary epithelial cells …

Fluctuations in circulating estrogen and progesterone across the menstrual cycle lead to
increased breast cancer susceptibility in women; however, the biological basis for this …

Studies have suggested that hormone receptor and Ki67 expression in normal breast tissue
are associated with subsequent breast cancer risk. We examined the associations of breast …

Estrous cycles are recurring changes in therian mammals induced by estrogen,
progesterone, and other hormones culminating in endometrial proliferation, ovulation, and …

Purpose Ki67 is a proliferation marker commonly assessed by immunohistochemistry in
breast cancer, and it has been proposed as a clinical marker for subtype classification …