Abstract Purpose of Review Investigate the developmental physiology of the
temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a unique articulation between the cranium and the …

BMP signaling is one of the key pathways regulating craniofacial development. It is involved
in the early patterning of the head, the development of cranial neural crest cells, and facial …

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway is highly conserved across many
species, and its importance for the patterning of the skeletal system has been demonstrated …

Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) are a population of multipotent stem cells that give rise to
craniofacial bone and cartilage during development. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) …

Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) are the origin of the anterior part of the face and the head.
Cranial NCCs are multipotent cells giving rise to bones, cartilage, adipose-tissues in the …

One of the most amazing transitions and innovations during the evolution of mammals was
the formation of a novel jaw joint and the incorporation of the original jaw joint into the …

Knowledge of cell signaling pathways that drive human neural crest differentiation into
craniofacial chondrocytes is incomplete, yet essential for using stem cells to regenerate …

Craniofacial anomalies, especially midline facial defects, are among the most common birth
defects in patients and are associated with increased mortality or require lifelong treatment …

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint essential for hinge and sliding
movements of the mammalian jaw. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are …

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a small synovial joint at which the mandible articulates
with the skull during movements involved in speaking and mastication. However, the …