Sea ice in the Arctic is one of the most rapidly changing components of the global climate
system. Over the past few decades, summer areal extent has declined over 30%, and all …

Sea ice plays a crucial role in the Earth's energy and water budget and has a substantial
impact on local and remote atmospheric and oceanic circulations. Predictions of Arctic sea …

Anthropogenic warming has led to an unprecedented year-round reduction in Arctic sea ice
extent. This has far-reaching consequences for indigenous and local communities, polar …

Seasonal‐to‐decadal predictions are inevitably uncertain, depending on the size of the
predictable signal relative to unpredictable chaos. Uncertainties can be accounted for using …

The polar regions have been attracting more and more attention in recent years, fueled by
the perceptible impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Polar climate change provides …

In this paper, we review the use of satellite-based remote sensing in combination with in situ
data to inform Earth surface modelling. This involves verification and optimization methods …

Arctic sea ice extent continues to decline at an unprecedented rate that is commonly
underestimated by climate projection models. This disagreement may imply biases in the …

Signatures of ocean eddies, fronts, and filaments are commonly observed within marginal
ice zones (MIZs) from satellite images of sea ice concentration, and in situ observations via …

Numerical weather prediction has seen, in the past 25 years, a shift from a 'deterministic'
approach, based on single numerical integrations, to a probabilistic one, with ensembles of …

Arctic sea ice thickness is thought to be an important predictor of Arctic sea ice extent.
However, coupled seasonal forecast systems do not generally use sea ice thickness …