ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent one of the largest and oldest families of
membrane proteins in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans, which couple the energy …

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), an important intracellular second messenger,
mediates cellular functional responses in all vital organs. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is …

Many tumor cells become resistant to commonly used cytotoxic drugs due to the
overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp) …

Human malignancies are one of the major health-related issues though out the world and
anticipated to rise in the future. The development of novel drugs/agents requires a huge …

Since cloning of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family member breast cancer resistance
protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and its characterization as a multidrug resistance efflux transporter …

Abstract The phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, including sildenafil (Viagra™),
vardenafil (Levitra™), and tadalafil (Cialis™) have been developed for treatment of erectile …

Since last two decades, the major cancer research has focused on understanding the
characteristic properties and mechanism of formation of Cancer stem cells (CSCs), due to …

The primary source of failure of cancer therapies is multidrug resistance (MDR), which can
be caused by different mechanisms, including the overexpression of ABC transporters in …

The overexpression of the human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cancer cells is
a common mechanism involved in developing multidrug resistance (MDR). Unfortunately …

Cancer surgery while necessary for primary tumor removal, has been shown to induce
immune suppression and promote metastases in preclinical models and human cancer …