Cigarette smoking is often initiated during adolescence and an earlier age of onset is
associated with worse health outcomes later in life. Paradoxically, the transition towards …

More than 70% of adolescents report to have smoked a cigarette at least once. At the
adolescent stage the brain has not completed its maturation. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), the …

Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood, during which
extensive brain development occurs. Since this period also overlaps with the initiation of …

Acetylcholine (ACh) release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is crucial for normal
cognitive performance. Despite the fact that many have studied how ACh affects neuronal …

Addictive drugs remodel the brain's reward circuitry, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA)
system, by inducing widespread adaptations of glutamatergic synapses. This drug-induced …

Background e-Cigarette use, also known as vaping, has increased dramatically over the
past few years, especially among younger demographics. However, researchers have found …

Cigarette smoking is currently the leading cause of preventable deaths and disability
throughout the world, being responsible for about five million premature deaths/year …

Tobacco addiction is highly co-morbid with a variety of mental health conditions, including
schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders. Nicotine, the primary psychoactive compound in …

Chronic nicotine exposure gives rise to neural adaptations that change whole cell
physiology and behaviour mainly by interacting with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine …