Color vision is widespread among insects but varies among species, depending on the
spectral sensitivities and interplay of the participating photoreceptors. The spectral sensitivity …

Background Flower coloration is a key enabler for pollinator attraction. Floral visual signals
comprise several components that are generated by specific anatomical structures and …

The evolution of floral traits in animal-pollinated plants involves the interaction between
flowers as signal senders and pollinators as signal receivers. Flower colors are very diverse …

Diverse forms of nanoscale architecture generate structural colour and perform signalling
functions within and between species. Structural colour is the result of the interference of …

Background Obtaining an optimal flower temperature can be crucial for plant reproduction
because temperature mediates flower growth and development, pollen and ovule viability …

Natural selection acts on phenotypic trait variation. Understanding the mechanisms that
create and maintain trait variation is fundamental to understanding the breadth of diversity …

There is a wealth of research on the way interactions with pollinators shape flower traits.
However, we have much more to learn about influences of the abiotic environment on flower …

Flavonoid pigments are key determinants of flower colors. As absorption spectra of
flavonoids are known to be severely pH-dependent, cellular pH will play a crucial role in …

Color in nature presents a striking dimension of variation, though understanding its function
and evolution largely depends on our ability to capture the perspective of relevant viewers …

Bees discriminate between many different colours of flower petals, but it is not well
understood how they perceive and learn patterns frequently found in flowers with colourful …