ABSTRACT Several hypotheses, mainly Optimal Defense (OD), Carbon: Nutrient Balance
(CNB), Growth Rate (GR), and Growth-Differentiation Balance (GDB), have individually …

Plants often release a blend of volatile organic compounds in response to damage by
herbivorous insects that may serve as cues to locate those herbivores by natural enemies …

Plants face a daunting array of creatures that eat them, bore into them, and otherwise use
virtually every plant part for food, shelter, or both. But although plants cannot flee from their …

This volume presents the latest research on herbivores, aquatic and terrestrial mammals
and insects. The Second Edition, written almost entirely by new authors, effectively …

Plants have evolved various strategies to defend themselves against herbivores and
pathogens. Although some of these strategies are constitutive, ie present at all times, others …

Plant resistance to herbivores was induced in a field experiment to evaluate the
consequences of induced responses for subsequent herbivory and plant fitness. Induction …

The genetic variance‐covariance matrix, G, is determined in part by functional architecture,
the pathways by which variation in genotype influences phenotype. I develop a simple …

Co-evolution between plants and their natural enemies is generally believed to have
generated much of the Earth's biological diversity. A process analogous to co-evolution …

The concept of gene-for-gene coevolution is a major model for research on the evolution of
resistance against parasites in crop plants, reciprocal evolution between species in natural …

Hairless dogs have imperfect teeth; long-haired and coarse-haired animals are apt to have,
as is asserted, long or many horns; pigeons with feathered feet have skin between their …