Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly
throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Multidrug efflux pumps function at the frontline to protect bacteria against antimicrobials by
decreasing the intracellular concentration of drugs. This protective barrier consists of a …

The global emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a growing threat to
antibiotic therapy. The chromosomally encoded drug efflux mechanisms that are ubiquitous …

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary
pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials …

The MacB ABC transporter forms a tripartite efflux pump with the MacA adaptor protein and
TolC outer membrane exit duct to expel antibiotics and export virulence factors from Gram …

Abstract The MacA–MacB–TolC assembly of Escherichia coli is a transmembrane machine
that spans the cell envelope and actively extrudes substrates, including macrolide antibiotics …

Protein secretion systems are molecular nanomachines used by Gram-negative bacteria to
thrive within their environment. They are used to release enzymes that hydrolyze complex …

Multidrug efflux transporters are a plague in the antibiotic resistance mechanisms as they
confer the capacity of bacteria to evade most of current therapies. Although these …

Over the past two decades, mass spectrometry (MS) of protein complexes from their native
state has made inroads into structural biology. To coincide with the 20 th anniversary of …