Inflammation is essential in the initial development and progression of many cardiovascular
diseases involving innate and adaptive immune responses. The role of CD4+ CD25+ …

It is well established that control of vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis is regulated
by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Delta-like 4 …

Background—The vascular remodeling responsible for pulmonary arterial hypertension
(PAH) involves predominantly the accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin–expressing …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by dysfunctional angiogenesis
leading to lung vessel obliteration. PAH is widely considered a proangiogenic disease; …

The combination of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, Sugen 5416
(SU5416), and chronic hypoxia is known to cause pronounced pulmonary hypertension …

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening condition associated
with immune dysregulation and abnormal regulatory T cell (Treg) activity, but it is currently …

Despite recent therapeutic advances, pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains a fatal disease
due to the development of right ventricular (RV) failure. At present, no treatments targeted at …

The loss of pulmonary vessels has been shown to be related to the severity of pulmonary
hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The severity of …

The last 2 generations of physicians and researchers in pulmonary hypertension (PH) have
undergone their training, performed investigations, and practiced without a thorough …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been frequently compared with a type of
malignant disease and has an incredible number of pathogenic mechanisms similar to …