The intestine is fundamental in controlling human health. Intestinal epithelial and immune
cells are continuously exposed to millions of microbes that greatly impact on intestinal …

Bacterial membrane vesicles are proteoliposomal nanoparticles produced by both Gram-
negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As they originate from the outer surface of the bacteria …

Human gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as a pivotal determinant of non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Apart from the changes in the composition of gut …

Gram‐negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with 10 to 300 nm of
diameter. The contribution of OMVs to bacterial pathogenesis is a topic of great interest, and …

Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated communication between proximal and distant cells is a
highly conserved characteristic in all of the life domains, including bacteria. These vesicles …

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infects the stomach of 50% of the world's
population. Importantly, chronic infection by this bacterium correlates with the appearance of …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are cupped-shaped structures formed by bacteria in
response to environmental stress, genetic alteration, antibiotic exposure, and others. Due to …

Common agricultural pest and pathogen management practices are reliant on
agrochemicals (pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers), drugs and synthetic materials that can …

The worldwide dissemination of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), mediating resistance to
carbapenem antibiotics, is a major public health problem. The extent of dissemination of …

Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi often triggers pathophysiologic perturbations that are
further augmented by the inflammatory responses of the host, resulting in the severe clinical …