Plastids (chloroplasts) have long been recognized to have originated by endosymbiosis of a
cyanobacterium, but their subsequent evolutionary history has proved complex because …

The dinoflagellates are an ecologically important group of microbial eukaryotes that have
evolved many novel genomic characteristics. They possess some of the largest nuclear …

The phylum of dinoflagellates is characterized by many unusual and interesting genomic
and physiological features, the imprint of which, in its immense genome, remains elusive …

The endosymbiotic origin of plastids from cyanobacteria was a landmark event in the history
of eukaryotic life. Subsequent to the evolution of primary plastids, photosynthesis spread …

Plastids evolved from a cyanobacterium that was engulfed by a heterotrophic eukaryotic
host and became a stable organelle. Some of the resulting eukaryotic algae entered into a …

Euglena spp. are phototrophic flagellates with considerable ecological presence and
impact. Euglena gracilis harbours secondary green plastids, but an incompletely …

Marine dinoflagellates are the single most important group of algae that produce toxins,
which have a global impact on human activities. The toxins are chemically diverse, and …

In aquatic environments, the concentration of inorganic carbon is spatially and temporally
variable and CO2 can be substantially oversaturated or depleted. Depletion of CO2 plus low …

The discovery of Chromera velia, a free-living photosynthetic relative of apicomplexan
pathogens, has provided an unexpected opportunity to study the algal ancestry of malaria …

After their endosymbiotic acquisition, plastids become intimately connected with the biology
of their host. For example, genes essential for plastid function may be relocated from the …