α1-adrenergic receptors are G-Protein Coupled Receptors that are involved in
neurotransmission and regulate the sympathetic nervous system through binding and …

Among the neuromodulators that regulate prefrontal cortical circuit function, the
catecholamine transmitters norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) stand out as powerful …

Norepinephrine (NE) is synthesized in the Locus Coeruleus (LC) of the brainstem, from
where it is released by axonal varicosities throughout the brain via volume transmission. A …

The noradrenergic and cholinergic modulation of functionally distinct regions of the brain
has become one of the primary organizational principles behind understanding the …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of transmembrane
receptors and their signal transduction is tightly regulated by GPCR kinases (GRKs) and β …

A bidirectional relationship exists between hypertension and psychiatric disorders, including
unipolar and bipolar depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychosis …

The α1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors that bind the
endogenous catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. They play a key role in the …

The cerebral cortex is a critical target of the central noradrenergic system. The importance of
norepinephrine (NE) in the regulation of cortical activity is underscored by clinical findings …

The cerebral cortex generates flexible behavior by learning. Reinforcement learning is
thought to be driven by error signals in midbrain dopamine neurons. However, they project …

Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system (CNS),
released both from neurons and glial cells. Acting via ionotropic (NMDA, AMPA, kainate) …