As a consequence of its performative turn, the critical literature on populism has dedicated
increasing attention to its sociocultural and stylistic features. Among the most prominent …

What constitutes a strong or a weak norm? Scholars often refer to strong or weak, or
strengthening or weakening norms, yet there are widespread inconsistencies in terminology …

Why and how do weak states challenge the status quo? This article builds on analyses of
hierarchy in International Relations to develop a more comprehensive and inclusive …

Secrecy is a staple of world politics and a pervasive feature of political life. Leaders keep
secrets as they conduct sensitive diplomatic missions, convince reluctant publics to throw …

Norm scholars tend to treat norm contestation and acceptance as binary categories. This
obscures variation in how much states agree over how to apply international law to specific …

Why do leaders sometimes turn to covert action when overthrowing foreign regimes? Many
scholars locate secrecy's appeal in its capacity to help control escalation dynamics or shield …

International politics is often imagined via a binary opposition between the oppressor and
the oppressed. Attention to entrenched hierarchies of power is essential in the study of …

What social processes guide the spread of ethnic or racial exclusion? I investigate the
diffusion of medieval expulsions of Jews among over 500 polities in the western Holy …

How do violations affect international norms? This article demonstrates that violations
develop norms by analyzing how international institutions determine the meaning of deviant …

Description: Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2023.| Series: Princeton studies in
international history and politics| Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers …