Most drugs of abuse easily cross the placenta and can affect fetal brain development. In
utero exposures to drugs thus can have long-lasting implications for brain structure and …

Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

Abstract Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are characterized by deficits in working
memory, response inhibition, and behavioral flexibility. However, the combination and …

Alcoholism is associated with acute and long-term cognitive dysfunction including memory
impairment, resulting in substantial disability and cost to society. Thus, understanding how …

Importance Adverse perinatal circumstances have been associated with increased risk for
autism in offspring. Women exposed to childhood abuse experience more adverse perinatal …

This review summarizes current knowledge and outlines future directions relevant to
questions concerning environmental epigenetics and the processes that contribute to …

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are characterized by life-long changes in gene
expression, neurodevelopment and behavior. What mechanisms initiate and maintain these …

This review addresses underlying physiological, cellular, and molecular factors that alter the
developing fetal brain stress circuits and responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal …

Aim: This paper systematically reviews the literature on the effects of prenatal alcohol
exposure on early child development from birth to 5 years with the aim to synthesize the …

Alcohol use disorders affect millions of people worldwide causing huge social and economic
burden on modern society. Excessive alcohol consumption or intoxication provokes severe …