In recent decades, immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-
T) therapy are two milestone achievements in clinical immunotherapy. However, both show …

It has been a century since the death of Élie Metchnikoff, who championed the role of
phagocytosis in cellular immunity. Whereas others had observed the uptake of particles by …

Proteins adopt different higher-order structures (HOS) to enable their unique biological
functions. Understanding the complexities of protein higher-order structures and dynamics …

Programmed connection of amino acids or nucleotides into chains introduced a revolution in
control of biological function. Reacting proteins together is more complex because of the …

T cells use their T cell receptors (TCRs) to discriminate between lower-affinity self and
higher-affinity non-self peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) …

Macrophages protect the body from damage and disease by targeting antibody-opsonized
cells for phagocytosis. Though antibodies can be raised against antigens with diverse …

Revised and updated, Chemical Reagents for Protein Modification, Third Edition is an
encyclopedic work describing the many approaches to the site-specific modification of …

Antibodies that block the immune checkpoint receptors PD1 and CTLA4 have revolutionized
the treatment of melanoma and several other cancers, but in the process, a new class of …

T cells express a somatically recombined antigen receptor (αβTCR) that is calibrated during
development to respond to changes in peptides displayed by major histocompatibility …

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) can redirect T cells to target abnormal cells, but their
activity is limited by a profound defect in antigen sensitivity, the source of which remains …