The intranasal route for medication administration is increasingly popular in the emergency
department and out-of-hospital setting because such administration is simple and fast, and …

Objective: Children and adolescents often require sedation and analgesia in emergency
situations. With the emergence of new therapeutic options, the obsolescence of others, and …

Background: Most preschool children are distressed during anesthesia induction. While
current pharmacological methods are useful, there is a need for further optimization to an …

BACKGROUND Adequate pain control and anxiety relief during peripheral intravenous
cannula (PIV) placement improves patient, parental, and staff satisfaction and reduces …

Background Intravenous ketorolac is commonly used for treating migraine headaches in
children. However, the prerequisite placement of an intravenous line can be technically …

The prevention, recognition, and treatment of pain is crucial in the management of neonates.
Infants do not tolerate pain better than adults; indeed, the immaturity of the endogenous …

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Objective Pain and distress associated with intranasal midazolam administration can be
decreased by administering lidocaine before intranasal midazolam (preadministered …

Optimizing acute pain treatment for children in the emergency setting is challenging. Despite
the prevalence of acute pain experienced in the emergency department, health care …

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common procedure in tertiary care
neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). MRIs aid in detailing structural anatomy and are …