Microgrid protection schemes play a vital role in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of
power distribution in urban and rural areas, especially as renewable distributed energy …

Power systems are becoming more and more complex in nature due to the integration of
several power electronic devices. Protection of such systems and augmentation of reliability …

The power grid infrastructure has evolved from a centralized to a distributed model utilizing
renewable energy sources in the last few years. This trend is likely to continue, given the …

Power networks, especially distribution networks, have been undergoing substantial
changes since the application of new technologies. Technology development in the early …

This paper presents a new hybrid algorithm of Harris hawks' optimization with sequential
quadratic programming (HHO-SQP) for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays …

To cope with the increasing energy demand, power systems, especially distribution
networks, face many challenges. Recently, these networks have become complex and large …

Distributed generation (DG) brought new challenges for protection engineers since standard
relay settings of traditional system may no longer function properly under increasing …

The benefits of distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy sources leads to its
high integration in the distribution network (DN). Despite its well-known benefits, mainly in …

Integration of distributed generating (DGs) units helps in reducing the extreme loading on
the main power grid. DGs are convoyed with high fault currents. High fault currents exceed …

Nowadays, the presence of distributed generation (DG) units in the distribution network is
increasing due to their advantages. As well as these advantages, there are some problems …