▪ Abstract The physical basis and evidence in support of the cohesion-tension theory of the
ascent of sap in plants are reviewed. The focus is on the recent discussion of challenges to …

Since water spontaneously ionizes, protons cannot be removed from the medium: their free
concentration in cells must be regulated through actively controlling H+-related transport …

Calcium is an essential plant nutrient. It is acquired from the soil solution by the root system
and translocated to the shoot via the xylem. The root must balance the delivery of calcium to …

Seed germination is a vital stage in the plant life-cycle that greatly contributes to plant
establishment. Melatonin has been shown to promote seed germination under various …

Our review is devoted to the analysis of the role of long-distance electrical signals in the
development of the fast systemic physiological responses in higher plants. The …

Plant cell growth and stress signaling require Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane
transport proteins that are regulated by reactive oxygen species. In root cell growth …

The root hair elongative growth phase (“tip growth”), like that of other tip-growing systems
such as pollen tubes, algal rhizoids, and fungal hyphae, is associated with an apex-high …

Root hairs are tubular extensions of epidermal cells that have their origin either in any
protoderm cell or in specialized protoderm cells called trichoblasts. These latter cells are the …

A variety of ion channels has now been identified in plant cell membranes that is likely to
have key roles in both toxicity to high salt (NaCl) and tolerance mechanisms. In this review …

Calcium is an essential and major plant nutrient. It is required for structural, osmotic and
signalling purposes. In this review the pathway and molecular mechanisms are described by …