Plant colour has not been specifically considered as part of biological diversity. The absence
of visual attributes in discussions of biodiversity and its conservation appears to have arisen …

Scenic forests are a basic component of forest parks. Evaluating the beauty of the color of
scenic forests is an important consideration in scientific management measures. The Purple …

The cost of reproduction is a key concept in life-history trade-offs. However, our
understanding of the reproductive costs is biased towards measures of reproductive effort …

Avian eggshell color is remarkably variable among and within species and its possible
function has long been controversial. Female birds use biliverdin pigment to color their eggs …

Protoporphyrin pigment causes the red-brown eggshell colors; however, for many species,
the function of this pigment is unknown. It has been proposed that eggshell pigmentation …

Avian eggshells are variable in appearance, including coloration. Here, we demonstrate that
Raman spectroscopy can provide accurate diagnostic information about major eggshell …

Avian eggs exhibit a large variability in coloration and patterns, which are produced by blue-
green biliverdin and red-brown protoporphyrin pigments. Several hypotheses have been …

Many bird species lay eggs speckled with protoporphyrin‐based spots, however, for most of
them the function of eggshell spotting is unknown. A plausible hypothesis is that …

Many passerines lay protoporphyrin-pigmented eggs, and the degree of spotting seems to
be related to female condition and environmental characteristics. However, most studies …

Differences in avian eggshell pigmentation could be an honest signal of female quality that
males use to inform their nestling provisioning effort. We investigated whether among …