Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by parasitic infection of dermal macrophages
resulting in intense immune‐mediated tissue inflammation and skin ulceration. The severity …

Abstract Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), members of pattern recognition receptors, are expressed
on many cells of the innate immune system, and their engagements with antigens regulate …

Leishmaniases are neglected diseases, caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the
Leishmania (L.) genus. Although the principal host cells of the parasites are macrophages …

The toxicity of available drugs for treatment of leishmaniasis, coupled with emerging drug
resistance, make it urgent to find new therapies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a …

Immunologically, active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is characterized by profound
immunosuppression, severe systemic inflammatory responses, and an impaired capacity to …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are a subset of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) in innate
immunity and act as a connecting link between innate and adaptive immune systems …

In this study we assessed the basal transcription of genes associated with innate immunity
(ie Nramp1, NOD1, NOD2, TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, and TLR9) in …

ArtinM, a D-mannose binding lectin from Artocarpus heterophyllus, has immunomodulatory
activities through its interaction with N-glycans of immune cells, culminating with the …

Objective To investigate the leishmanicidal effects of two antioxidants, caffeic acid and
quercetin on Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes in vitro, and their immuno …

Background: Interleukin (IL)-8 plays important roles in the recruitment and activation of
immune cells during visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Genetic variations in IL-8 modulate the …