Background Treatment with checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-
1), anti-PD-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have emerged as a frontline treatment for a growing list
of malignancies. Disruption of the negative regulatory immune checkpoints by ICPIs has …

Background Anti-[programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)] antibodies nivolumab and
pembrolizumab were approved for adjuvant treatment of melanoma as they demonstrated …

Simple Summary Granulomatosis is commonly observed in patients receiving immune
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for melanoma and other cancers. Recognizing this reaction early …

Sarcoidosis and sarcoid‐like reactions (SLRs) may develop in association with various
malignancies, as well as in association to certain oncologic drugs, including immune …

Introduction: Phase III studies of PD-1 inhibitors have demonstrated remarkable
improvements in the survival of patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). If these results are …

Therapy for advanced melanoma has deeply changed in the last decade with the
introduction of checkpoint and BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Granulomatous reactions have been …

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause granulomatous and sarcoid-
like lesions (GSLs) in several organs, and limited data existing that adequately inform the …

Recent emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment
of cancers and produced prolonged response by boosting the immune system against tumor …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments activate T cells against tumors. Activated T cells
attack not only the tumor but also healthy cells, causing an autoimmune reaction in various …