Sleep researchers in different disciplines disagree about how fully dreaming can be
explained in terms of brain physiology. Debate has focused on whether REM sleep …

For decades, numerous seminal studies have built our understanding of the locus coeruleus
(LC), the vertebrate brain's principal noradrenergic system. Containing a numerically small …

The hypocretins (hcrts), also known as orexins, are two recently identified excitatory
neuropeptides that in rat are produced by∼ 1200 neurons whose cell bodies are located in …

RECENT PET imaging and brain lesion studies in humans are integrated with new basic
research findings at the cellular level in animals to explain how the formal cognitive features …

Previously we have reported an increased prevalence of migraine in narcoleptic patients.
Because of the theoretical and clinical implications of this finding we recruited an …

Oxidative stress is well documented in Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been attributed to
dopamine oxidative metabolism. However, evidence of oxidative stress is found in a variety …

Ever since the discovery of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), studies have been
undertaken to understand its necessity, function and mechanism of action on normal …

Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is characterized by persistent difficulty in falling
or staying asleep despite adequate opportunity to sleep, leading to daytime fatigue and …

In his 1895 “Project for a Scientific Psychology,” Sigmund Freud clearly stated his goal: to
integrate the workings of the mind with the workings of the brain. But in his day, too little …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep loss impairs several physiological, behavioral and
cellular processes; however, the mechanism of action was unknown. To understand the …