Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major cause of inflammatory liver disease, of which
the clinical recovery and effective anti-viral therapy is associated with the sustained viral …

It has been recognized that during chronic inflammatory systemic diseases (CIDs)
maladaptations of the immune, nervous, endocrine and reproductive system occur …

In progressive viral infection, antiviral T cell function is impaired by poorly understood
mechanisms. Here we report that the inhibitory immunoregulatory receptor CTLA-4 was …

An excess of coinhibitory signals has been proposed to drive the T‐cell exhaustion
characteristic of persistent viral infections. In this study we examined the contribution of the …

A unique feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans is that viral clearance heavily
depends on the age of exposure. However, the reason for this remains unclear. Here we …

The balance between proinflammatory mechanisms and the dampening of excessive
immune activation is critical for successful clearance of a pathogen without harm to the host …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health issue worldwide which may lead to
hepatic dysfunction, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. To identify host genetic …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major health problem worldwide. Recently,
a great number of genetic studies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and …

Virus-specific cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+) cytotoxic T cells (CTL) recognize viral
antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chains on infected …

OBJECTIVES Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is characterized by high serum IgG4
concentrations, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, and a favorable response to corticosteroid …