Cancer immunity, and the potential for cancer immunotherapy, have been topics of scientific
discussion and experimentation for over a hundred years. Several successful cancer …

Chronic antigen stimulation during viral infections and cancer can lead to T cell exhaustion,
which is characterized by reduced effector function and proliferation, and the expression of …

Cancer recurrence after surgical resection remains a significant cause of treatment failure.
Here, we have developed an in situ formed immunotherapeutic bioresponsive gel that …

T cell activation is a highly regulated process involving peptide–MHC engagement of the T
cell receptor and positive costimulatory signals. Upon activation, coinhibitory'checkpoints' …

The T‐cell response is central in the adaptive immune‐mediated elimination of pathogen‐
infected and/or cancer cells. This activated T‐cell response can inflict an overwhelming …

The recent success of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade in cancer therapy illustrates the important
role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. However …

Cancer cells can evade the attack from host immune systems via hijacking the regulatory
circuits mediated by immune checkpoints. Therefore, reactivating the antitumor immunity by …

The recent successes of immunotherapy have shifted the paradigm in cancer treatment, but
because only a percentage of patients are responsive to immunotherapy, it is imperative to …

Despite the recent increase in the development of antivirals and antibiotics, antimicrobial
resistance and the lack of broad-spectrum virus-targeting drugs are still important issues and …

Background A number of studies have reported an association between the occurrence of
immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and clinical efficacy in patients undergoing treatment …