Abstract The Modular Multispectral Imaging Array (MMIA) is a suite of optical sensors
mounted on an external platform of the European Space Agency's Columbus Module on the …

Recent development in lightning discharges including transient luminous events (TLEs) and
global electric circuit are discussed. Role of solar activity, convective available potential …

We report intensified high speed video observations of two mesospheric transient luminous
events acquired at 5000 and 7200 frames per second. Downward streamers appear to …

A study is conducted of the principal chemical effects induced by the passage of a single
sprite streamer through the mesosphere at an altitude of 70 km. Recent high‐speed imaging …

High speed video of sprites show that they are typically initiated at an altitude of about 75 km
and usually develop simultaneously upwards and downwards from the point of origin with …

Telescopic images of sprites show a wide variety of generally vertical but also slanted fine
structure, including branching tree‐like shapes and well defined but isolated columns, with …

Sprite halos were recently identified as an impulsive but spatially diffuse phenomenon that
sometimes occurs just prior to, but distinct from, sprites. The lack of discernible spatial …

Images of sprites have been recorded at 1 ms resolution revealing several new sprite
properties. Sprites appear to occur in a highly structured mesosphere, and we suggest that …

The paper reviews recent advances in studies of electric discharges in the stratosphere and
mesosphere above thunderstorms, and their effects on the atmosphere. The primary focus is …

Sprites are large scale manifestations of electrical streamers triggered in the upper
atmosphere by lightning in an underlying thunderstorm. Imaging of sprites at 10 000 frames …