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Abstract Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common type of cyanotic congenital heart
disease. Since the first surgical repair in 1954, treatment has continuously improved. The …

Valvular regurgitation represents an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Imaging is pivotal in the evaluation of native valve regurgitation and …

The “Guidelines on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease” were initially published as
the “Guidelines on Non-pharmacological Treatment of Valvular Heart Disease” in 2002 …

Advances in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease have led to a
marked improvement in the survival of adult with congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients …

Transthoracic echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality in the assessment of right-
sided valve disease. The principle objectives of the echocardiographic study are to …

Background Self-expanding pulmonary valve grafts have been designed for percutaneous
pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) in patients with native repaired right ventricular (RV) …

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance has been utilized in the management and care of
pediatric patients for nearly 40 years. It has evolved to become an invaluable tool in the …

Valvular regurgitation is common in developed countries with an increasing prevalence due
to the aging of the population and more accurate diagnostic imaging methods …

Advances in the medical and surgical management of Tetralogy of Fallot have led to marked
increase of the number and age of survivors. Imaging in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot …