ATP, NAD+, and nucleic acids are abundant purines that, in addition to having critical
intracellular functions, have evolved extracellular roles as danger signals released in …

Anthraquinones and their derivatives constitute a large group of quinoid compounds with
about 700 molecules described. They are widespread in fungi and their chemical diversity …

Macrophages and their monocyte precursors mediate innate immune responses and can
promote a spectrum of phenotypes from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolving. Currently, there …

Abstract The P2X receptor 7 (P2X7R) is a plasma membrane receptor sensing extracellular
ATP associated with a wide variety of cellular functions. It is most commonly expressed on …

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and
mortality, is characterized by the accumulation of foam cells in the arterial wall. It has long …

The anthraquinones (AQs) and derivatives are widely distributed in nature, including plants,
fungi, and insects, with effects of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, antibacterial and …

The present study explored the stability of extracted anthraquinones (aloin, aloe-emodin and
rhein) from whole-leaf Aloe vera gel (WLAG), its freeze-dried powder (FDP) and spray-dried …

Inflammation is a defensive response of living tissues to damaging agents, which exists in
two forms, acute inflammation and chronic inflammation, and chronic inflammation is closely …

Podosomes, an important actin-based adhesive architecture, play critical roles in cell
migration and matrix invasiveness. Here, we elucidate the ultrastructural organization and …

Sepsis, during which the intestinal epithelial barrier is frequently disrupted, remains a
challenging and life-threatening problem in clinical practice. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is …