Alcohol consumption and stress increase brain levels of known innate immune signaling
molecules. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, and neurons respond to alcohol …

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread disease with limited treatment options.
Targeting the neuroimmune system is a new avenue for developing or repurposing effective …

Addiction is a worldwide public health problem and this article reviews scientific advances in
identifying the role of neuroinflammation in the genesis, maintenance, and treatment of …

Opioid action was thought to exert reinforcing effects solely via the initial agonism of opioid
receptors. Here, we present evidence for an additional novel contributor to opioid reward …

The innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) participates in both
synaptic plasticity and neural damage. Emerging evidence from human and animal studies …

Excessive alcohol intake, a defining characteristic of an alcohol use disorder (AUD), results
in neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex that has been linked to a …

Abstract Background Athina Markou and her colleagues discovered persistent changes in
adult behavior following adolescent exposure to ethanol or nicotine consistent with …

In recent years, some new processes have been proposed to explain how alcohol may
influence behavior, psychological symptoms and alcohol seeking in alcohol-dependent …

Molecular and behavioral studies corroborate a pivotal role for the innate immune system in
mediating the acute and chronic effects of alcohol and support a neuroimmune hypothesis of …

Background Increasing evidence links systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and
neurodegeneration. We previously found that systemic endotoxin, a TLR4 agonist or TNFα …