Increasing predictability of animal models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has
required active collaboration between clinical and preclinical scientists. Modeling PTSD is …

Precise genetic and epigenetic spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression is critical for
proper brain development, function and circuitry formation in the mammalian central nervous …

Neuro-inflammation has been shown to play a critical role in the development of depression.
Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body and has recently been reported to exert anti …

Depression is currently treated by pharmacotherapies that can elicit debilitating side effects
for patients. Novel treatment options with limited side effects are currently being researched …

The amygdala plays a major role in the processing of physiologic and behavioral responses
to stress and is characterized by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated high inhibitory …

Animal models of depression are certainly needed but the question in the title has been
raised owing to the controversies in the interpretation of the readout in a number of tests, to …

Background The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model has long been
considered the best model for exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying …

Background Drugs prescribed for psychiatric disorders in adolescence should be studied
very extensively since they can affect developing and thus highly plastic brain differently …

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is frequently comorbid with mood disorders, and these co-
occurring neuropsychiatric disorders contribute to the development and maintenance of …

Major depression (MD) is the most common psychiatric disorder, predicted to affect around
264 million people worldwide. Although the etiology of depression remains elusive, the …