The Monte Carlo (MC) method has been shown through many research studies to calculate
accurate dose distributions for clinical radiotherapy, particularly in heterogeneous patient …

Monte Carlo techniques have become ubiquitous in medical physics over the last 50 years
with a doubling of papers on the subject every 5 years between the first PMB paper in 1967 …

The dosimetric impact from devices external to the patient is a complex combination of
increased skin dose, reduced tumor dose, and altered dose distribution. Although small …

This article presents the implementation of several variance reduction techniques that
dramatically improve the simulation efficiency of ion chamber dose and perturbation factor …

Megavoltage x‐ray beams exhibit the well‐known phenomena of dose buildup within the
first few millimeters of the incident phantom surface, or the skin. Results of the surface dose …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In tangential beam treatments accurate dose calculation of
the absorbed dose in the build-up region is of major importance, in particular when the …

In conventional clinical linear accelerators, the flattening filter scatters and absorbs a large
fraction of primary photons. Increasing the beam‐on time, which also increases the out‐of …

This paper presents a numerical investigation of the effective point of measurement of
thimble ionization chambers in megavoltage photon beams using Monte Carlo simulations …

The percentage depth dose in the build-up region and the surface dose for the 6-MV photon
beam from a Varian Clinac 23EX medical linear accelerator was investigated for square field …

A precision experimental investigation of the effective point of measurement (EPOM) of ion
chambers in megavoltage beams has been carried out. A one‐dimensional scanning …