We describe the realization of a 5? km free-space coherent optical link through the turbulent
atmosphere between a telescope and a ground target. We present the phase noise of the …

Link-budget calculations are a common way to assess system parameters, such as the
required transmitter power and receiver sensitivity, in free-space optical (FSO) …

We describe preliminary results of a set of laser beam propagation experiments performed
over a long (149 km) near-horizontal propagation path between Mauna Loa (Hawaii Island) …

To assess the coherent detection of an optical signal perturbed by atmospheric turbulence,
the loss in the mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is usually invoked although it constitutes a …

We analyzed the observations of scintillations in a laser beam (532 nm,∼ 200 mW power)
traveling along a 144 km path at an altitude of 2.2–2.4 km above sea level, just above the …

A high-sensitivity modem and high-dynamic range optical automatic gain controller (OAGC)
have been developed to provide maximum link margin and to overcome the dynamic nature …

Recently, new physics for unconditional security in a classical key distribution (USCKD) has
been proposed and demonstrated in a frame of a double Mach–Zehnder interferometer …

An analysis of optical scintillation and fade on long slant-path atmospheric channels is
presented via a direct comparison between wave-optics-based numerical simulations and …

Mitigation of index of refraction turbulence (IRT) effects is crucial in long-range atmospheric
communication links. Diversity-transmission is one favorable way for fading compensation …

We show that large-scale atmospheric inhomogeneities observed experimentally can
significantly affect optical radiation propagation along long paths, and it is impossible to take …