Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biological preparation made from the patient's
own plasma that contains a platelet concentration above the whole blood baseline. Owing to …

Many alternative treatments aimed at modulating osteoarthritis (OA) progression have been
developed in the past decades, including the use of cytokine inhibitors. IL-1β is considered …

Summary Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used therapeutically in
equine medicine. MSCs release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which affect cell processes by …

Musculoskeletal injuries involving joints, tendons, and ligaments occur commonly in the
horse, especially in those performing in athletic pursuits. Such injuries present challenges …

Simple Summary Musculoskeletal injuries have significant importance within the field of
equine health, mainly due to their economic and sporting implications in today's world. The …

Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) and autologous protein solution (APS) are newer
therapeutic options for osteoarthritis (OA). Co-culture of cartilage and synovium stimulated …

Regenerative medicine therapies have become significant tools for treatment of joint, soft
tissue, and a variety of other conditions in animals and humans. Regenerative medicine …

There are several non-steroidal intra-articular therapeutics (NSIATs) available for use by
equine practitioners for the treatment of performance-limiting joint-related pathology …

Autologous protein solution (APS) has been used anecdotally for intralesional treatment of
tendon and ligament injuries, however, its use in these injuries has never been studied in …

Introduction Multiple biological therapies for orthopedic injuries are marketed to
veterinarians, despite a lack of rigorous comparative biological activity data to guide …