Vitamin D is a particularly important sterol hormone, with evidence emerging of its beneficial
effects well beyond bone. In consequence of this and increased global recognition of vitamin …

Valvular heart diseases (VHDs) are currently treated using either mechanical or
bioprosthetic heart valves. Unfortunately, mechanical valves require lifelong anticoagulation …

Ischaemic heart disease, sudden cardiac death and arrhythmias, heart failure, stroke and
peripheral arterial disease make up> 50% of the causes of death in advanced chronic …

There continues to be interest in understanding the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis,
epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In fact vitamin D deficiency …

Abstract Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is linked to a rising prevalence of morbidity and
mortality primarily from cardiovascular complications and is considered a high or very high …

Vitamin D, as a natural medicine, is known to regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
But abundant research has shown that vitamin D also plays a regulatory role in …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent
conditions, each significantly contributing to the global burden of morbidity and mortality …

Vitamin D deficiency is a global health issue that afflicts more than one billion children and
adults worldwide. Vitamin D supplementation has increased over the years, whether through …

Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis (IMP) is characterized by mesenteric vein calcification
and ischemic bowel disease. We describe a unique clinical case of IMP in a patient with a …

The present chapter briefly summarizes the adverse effects reported for vitamin A
(carotenoids), vitamins of the B group (cobalamins, folic acid and folinic acid, hopantenic …