To accommodate daily recurring environmental changes, animals show cyclic variations in
behaviour and physiology, which include prominent behavioural states such as sleep–wake …

BACKGROUND Life-forms ranging from bacteria to humans are programmed by circadian
clocks—mechanisms that impose an~ 24-hour rhythmicity on biology in harmony with …

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is remarkable. Despite numbering
only about 10,000 neurons on each side of the third ventricle, the SCN is our principal …

Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In
addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~ 24 h) …

The mammalian circadian clock has evolved as an adaptation to the 24-h light/darkness
cycle on earth. Maintaining cellular activities in synchrony with the activities of the organism …

Circadian (~ 24-hour) rhythms depend on intracellular transcription-translation negative
feedback loops (TTFLs). How these self-sustained cellular clocks achieve multicellular …

Adrenal glucocorticoids are major modulators of multiple functions, including energy
metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cognition. The endogenous secretion of …

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus orchestrates daily rhythms of
physiology and behavior in mammals. Its circadian (∼ 24 hr) oscillations of gene expression …

Bioinspired out-of-equilibrium systems will set the scene for the next generation of molecular
materials with active, adaptive, autonomous, emergent and intelligent behavior. Indeed life …

In mammals, endogenous circadian clocks sense and respond to daily feeding and lighting
cues, adjusting internal∼ 24 h rhythms to resonate with, and anticipate, external cycles of …