Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the sleeping
mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates of neuronal oscillations in thalamus. As …

Brain activity during sleep is characterized by circuit-specific oscillations, including slow
waves, spindles and theta waves, which are nested in thalamocortical or hippocampal …

Sleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures of stage 2 non-
rapid eye movement sleep. Implicated in sleep regulation and cognitive functioning …

During sleep, cortical and subcortical structures within the brain engage in highly structured
oscillatory dynamics that can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The ability to …

In recent decades, increasing evidence has positioned slow-wave sleep (SWS) as a major
actor in neurophysiological phenomena such as glucose metabolism, hormone release …

Until recently, the electrophysiological mechanisms involved in strengthening new
memories into a more permanent form during sleep have been largely unknown. The sleep …

According to the two-process model of sleep regulation, the timing and structure of sleep are
determined by the interaction of a homeostatic and a circadian process. The original …

As critical as waking brain function is to cognition, an extensive literature now indicates that
sleep supports equally important, different yet complementary operations. This review will …

Sleep spindles are a distinctive EEG phasic feature of NREM sleep and are prevalent during
stage 2 as compared to slow wave sleep. While the neurophysiological mechanisms of …

1.0 BACKGROUND In the more than a third of a century since the Rechtschaffen and Kales
manual on sleep stage scoring was published, much has changed in sleep science and …