Members of the APOBEC family of cellular cytidine deaminases represent a recently
identified group of proteins that provide immunity to infection by retroviruses and protect the …

A number of cellular genes have recently been identified that actively inhibit retrovirus
replication and so protect cells from infection. The genes target many distinct steps in the …

High mutation frequency during reverse transcription has a principal role in the genetic
variation of primate lentiviral populations. It is the main driving force for the generation of …

Encapsidation of host restriction factor APOBEC3G (A3G) into vif-deficient human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) blocks virus replication at least partly by C-to-U …

APOBEC3G, a member of an RNA/DNA cytidine deaminase superfamily, has been identified
as a cellular inhibitor of HIV-1 infectivity, possibly through the dC to dU deamination of the …

Genome hypermutation of different orthoretroviruses by cellular cytidine deaminases of the
APOBEC3 family during reverse transcription has recently been observed. Lentiviruses like …

The activation of IRF-3 during the early stages of viral infection is critical for the initiation of
the antiviral response; however the activation of IRF-3 in HIV-1 infected cells has not yet …

Each viral particle of HIV-1, the infectious agent of AIDS, contains two copies of the full-
length viral genomic RNA. Encapsidating two copies of genomic RNA is one of the …

1. ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired
immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease characterized by CD4+ T lymphocyte …

With the increasing interest of RNAs in regulating a range of cell biological processes, very
little is known about the structure of RNAs in tissue culture cells. We focused on the 5 …