As a subfield of machine learning, reinforcement learning (RL) aims at optimizing decision
making by using interaction samples of an agent with its environment and the potentially …

The impaired insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance (or decreased insulin
sensitivity) play a major role in the pathogenesis of all types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5–20% of women of reproductive age worldwide.
The condition is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic …

The article discusses how to measure insulin resistance in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue
in human participants. The most frequently used methodologies to evaluate insulin …

Objective: Recent studies have provided new insights into nonlinearities of insulin action in
the hypoglycemic range and into glucagon kinetics as it relates to response to …

OBJECTIVE Human blood glucose levels have likely evolved toward their current point of
stability over hundreds of thousands of years. The robust population stability of this trait is …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders,
affecting 5%-10% of women of reproductive age. The importance of this syndrome lies in the …

The steady-state basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations are determined by their
interaction in a feedback loop. A computer-solved model has been used to predict the …

Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method for assessing β-cell function and
insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide concentrations. It …

The artificial pancreas (AP), known as closed-loop control of blood glucose in diabetes, is a
system combining a glucose sensor, a control algorithm, and an insulin infusion device. AP …